![]() ![]() Simulation education models using simulators have presented a way to solve and overcome these concerns, because they provide a safe, stress free, and supportive environment, with excellent reproducibility and fidelity. There are rarely cases of cardiac tamponade in real clinical practice, and there is also a fear of incurring harm in critical patients, as well as ethical issues and patient safety concerns. However, in-field teaching of POCUS and live models with pathology are restricted due to there being few opportunities to use POCUS. Therefore, training on POCUS is a necessary condition before implementing POCUS in critical situations. In critical situations in particular, misinterpretations of POCUS findings may threaten patients’ safety due to missed or inadequate diagnoses and delays of proper treatment. Appropriate and validated training for acquiring skills and transferring these into practice must be conducted before using POCUS in clinical settings, in order to keep patients safe. The most important limitation of ultrasound is known to be operator dependent. The importance of POCUS in a clinical practice context is well-established. These include cases of hemothorax, pneumothorax, cardiac tamponade, hemoperitoneum, rupture of abdominal aortic aneurysm or dissection, or resuscitation due to shock in an intensive care unit or emergency room. It does so particularly in critically unstable patients who need a timely diagnosis and a quick emergent treatment decision. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS), which has been implemented as a complementary tool in clinical examinations in the medical field, provides improvements in diagnostic abilities, an increase of confidence, in timely therapeutic decision-making, and in reduction of the complications from invasive procedures. This review article covered the following: endotracheal or oesophageal intubation, lung (A-lines, B-lines, lung sliding, and pleural effusions such as hemothorax), central vein access, pericardial fluid (cardiac tamponade), the structure related to the eyes, soft tissue abscess, nerve (regional nerve block), and skull fracture simulators. We also introduced the recipe of each simulator in two parts: Materials surrounding disease simulators (surrounding materials) and specific disease simulators themselves (target simulators). ![]() We introduced the simulators that used non-infectious materials, with easily transportable features, and that had a sonographic appearance reproducibility similar to human tissue. This review focused on the inexpensive and easily made simulators for education on POCUS in critical specific situations related to the airway, breathing, circulation, and disability. However, the commercial simulator with sufficiently secured fidelity is expensive and not always available. Simulation education models have been introduced as a way to solve and overcome these concerns. Appropriate and validated training for acquiring and using skills in practice must be conducted before using POCUS in clinical settings in order to keep patients safe. However, the limitation of using POCUS is operator dependent. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a powerful diagnostic tool and provides treatment guidelines in acute critical settings.
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